• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Grain cleaning system for combine harvester, comprising a frame 25 supporting a preparation bottom 12 and a sieve 16. The preparation floor 12 receives grain and chaff separated from danger by a threshing mechanism and can reciprocate relative to the frame 25 to separate the grain from the chaff and to advance the grain and chaff to the sieve 16 . The screen 16 can be reciprocated with respect to the frame 25 and is connected to the frame by front and rear support arms 24 and 26 which are hingedly attached to the frame and to the screen. In the invention, the front support arms 24 have different rear support arm geometries so that when screen 16 is reciprocated relative to frame 25, the vertical component of the oscillation is greater at the front than at the rear of the screen.
    公开号:BE1018605A3
    申请号:E2008/0346
    申请日:2008-06-24
    公开日:2011-05-03
    发明作者:
    申请人:Cnh Belgium Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CEREAL CLEANING SYSTEM FOR CUTTER
    Field of application of the invention
    This invention relates to a grain cleaning system for a combine consisting of a frame that supports a preparation bottom and at least one screen, the preparation bottom being suitable for collecting grain and chaff separately from the other harvest residues via a threshing mechanism and back and forth. can move again relative to the frame to push the grain and chaff to the screen, the screen moving back and forth with respect to the frame and connected to the frame via front and rear support arms pivotally attached to the frame frame and the strainer.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    A combine harvester which includes a grain cleaning system as summarized above is known from patent US 4 344 443, which for convenience is referred to in this description in order not to describe a complete combine harvester. This invention provides an improvement to the grain cleaning system as shown in Figure 2 of the latter patent.
    As described in more detail in patent US 4 344 443, in a combine harvester, the crop is cut and moved forward by a feed system into a grain elevator assembly that enters the crop into a threshing mechanism. The latter applies to the crop to separate most of the grain from the straw, the grain falling into a preparation bottom and the straw being transported through a shaking sieve to the rear of the combine. While the straw. passing through the shaking sieve, a little more grain can fall off and be led through a sloping container to the preparation bottom. The straw can be thrown in a swath behind the harvesting machine or it can be spread evenly on the ground, sometimes after it has been chopped.
    Besides the grain, chaff falls into the preparation soil and must be separated from it. The purpose of the grain cleaning system is to separate the grain from the chaff so that only the grain can be collected and transported through a jack to the grain storage tank of the combine while the chaff is being discharged.
    The preparation bottom is a non-perforated dish made of sheet metal with transversely extending waves. The preparation bottom is moved back and forth to allow the grain to rock to the rear of the harvesting machine so that it ultimately falls into a reciprocating sieve, usually the top of a stack of two or more sieves. Traditionally, the screen includes a series of hinged blinds that can be adjusted to form a series of screen openings. During its transport along the preparation bottom, the grain attempts to migrate to the bottom of the preparation bottom so that the upper part of the crop layer at the end of the preparation bottom contains substantially lighter chaff particles.
    A blower blows air into the grain and chaff as they fall from the preparation bottom onto the upper sieve and also blows air through the sieves. This keeps the less dense chaff floating while the individual cereal grains can fall into a sump between the sieve blinds. Moving the sieves back and forth causes the material to rock up and migrate to the rear of the combine. The purpose of shaking the grain through the sieves is to separate the individual cereal grains from the webs that are in the round, but some cereal grains can still be trapped in incompletely threshed ears called non-threshed ears falling from the back of the upper sieve. These non-thinned ears are collected separately at the bottom of the cleaning mechanism and transported via a second auger for re-processing.
    The overall capacity of combine harvesters is constantly being increased to meet customer demand and this places ever greater demands on the grain cleaning system. To increase the cleaning capacity, larger gears must be applied to the sieves, which must themselves be built more robustly to withstand the extra weight of the grain. However, strong vibrations from large unbalanced masses can be uncomfortable for the operator and lead to breakage due to fatigue of the mechanical parts of the cleaning system.
    For efficient grain cleaning, it is very important to guarantee stable transport and a continuous layer of chaff and grain mixtures along the sieves. Otherwise, piles of crop material will be created through which the air stream can no longer flow through to blow away the chaff particles, while the air tries to escape through the lightly loaded screen sections. These situations are more difficult to avoid when the total mass of the crop increases.
    Summary of the invention
    In accordance with this invention, a grain cleaning system is provided for a combine consisting of a frame that supports a preparation bottom and a sieve, the preparation bottom serving to collect grain and chaff separated from the other harvest residues by a threshing mechanism and moving back and forth. relative to the frame for advancing the grain and chaff to the screen, and wherein the screen can move back and forth with respect to the frame and is connected to the frame by front and rear support arms pivotally attached to the frame and characterized on the screen in that the front support arms have different geometries from the rear support arms so that when the screen is moved back and forth with respect to the frame, the vertical component of the oscillation is greater at the front than at the rear of the screen
    The invention achieves a reinforced throwing movement at the front of the screen, where a large amount of harvesting material is supplied from the rear of the preparation bottom. It also achieves an increased sieve effect at the rear of the sieve, where there is less crop material present, with some of the material floating in the air due to the flow generated by the supercharger and the grain grains sieved through the sieve during their movement along the sieve surface.
    When using a manual sieve, such as sifting soil or flour, one hand often performs a similar movement to throwing pancakes into the air, tilting the sieve abruptly and simultaneously moving it up and down instead of to keep him in a horizontal position. With a certain force, this action tries to throw the material higher at one end of the screen and also moves backwards more efficiently. The invention is based on the idea that in a combine harvester it is also preferable not to apply the same vertical acceleration to the entire screen, but that cleaning is improved by tilting the screen while it oscillates so that the front of the screen onto which the grain falls from the preparation bottom, with a greater vertical amplitude oscillating than its rear.
    In patent US 4 344 443 the screen is supported by what is often called parallelogram arms. This is because the arms have the same length and inclination so that each point on the screen as it oscillates describes an arc with the same shape and size as the location of any other point on the screen. In the invention, on the other hand, it is proposed to intentionally make the geometry of the front and rear arms different from each other to achieve the desired improved shaking effect of the grain.
    It should be mentioned that sieves mounted on asymmetrical arms have already been proposed in the past, for example in patents EP 0 760 593, GB 939 075 and GB 1 397 939, but none of these geometries realizes a movement of the screen whereby the vertical component of the oscillation is larger is at the front than at the back.
    The geometries of the front and rear support arms are preferably such that the horizontal component of the rear-end oscillation is greater than or equal to that of the front of the screen.
    The desired shaking effect of the screen can be realized in a particularly simple manner by having the front and rear sides of the support arms inclined at different angles to the vertical. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, in their average positions, the arm at the front of the screen is at an angle of 36 ° to the vertical and the arm at the back of the screen at an angle of 30 ° to the vertical .
    The upper screen in patent US 4 344 443 moves back and forth in phase with the preparation bottom and the lower screen moves back and forth with a 180 ° shifted phase. Consequently, during the oscillation, the heavier sieve and the preparation bottom, together with the heavy weight of the grain that they support, are only compensated by the light, lower sieve that moves back and forth in reverse phase.
    In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, when there are two sieves placed vertically one above the other, the preparation bottom is moved back and forth in reverse phase with the upper sieve, but in phase with the lower sieve.
    Traditionally, the upper screen may be part of an upper screen assembly, with an upper screen frame, moved back and forth by a hinged connecting rod that is attached at one end to the upper screen assembly and mounted at its other end to rotate around an eccentric drive, such as an eccentrically driven crank pin, and the lower sieve assembly and the preparation bottom assembly are driven by the upper sieves via two-armed levers hinged to the frame.
    By moving the upper screen frame in the opposite direction from the preparation bottom and the lower screen frame, the unbalanced vibrating mass is considerably reduced. This results in improved comfort for the operator and reduces the mechanical stress on the structural elements of the cleaning system.
    The oscillation of the upper sieve relative to the preparation bottom, rather than being coupled together for unison movement, results in better separation of the grain and residues at the transition between the rear of the preparation bottom and the front of the upper sieve.
    This effect follows from the fact that the mutual distance between the preparation bottom and the screen varies constantly. The design is such that at the moment that the grain and chaff mixture is thrown on the preparation bottom, the vertical distance between preparation bottom and sieve is maximum. The fan directs a constant air flow through this gap. Because of the greater mutual distance, the passing crop layer can be lifted more easily by the air. A further advantage is better use of the location in the combine, where a greater mutual falling distance can be realized for the given average distance between the threshing and cleaning mechanisms.
    Brief description of the drawings
    The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing showing a grain cleaning system in accordance with the invention.
    Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
    The grain cleaning system 10 in the drawing is shown from a left-hand side of a combine harvester and the arrows F and R point to the front and rear of the harvester. All references below to the front and back are also relative to the direction of the forward movement of the harvesting machine.
    The grain falls on the front of a preparation bottom 12 from a threshing system and from a separation system, which may contain shaking sieves or one or more separation rotors, neither of which systems is shown in the drawing. The reader who is not familiar with combine harvesters is referred to patent US 4 344 443 for a more complete explanation of the other components of a combine harvester and how the grain cleaning system is arranged in the harvesting machine.
    The preparation bottom 12 is composed of a preparation bottom assembly that oscillates (by a mechanism that will be described further), and through its corrugated surface it flips the grain back. This rocking starts the separation of grain and chaff, since the cereal grains attempt to migrate to the bottom of the preparation bottom 12, below the chaff particles. At the rear of the preparation bottom 12, the grain falls on a system of three seven, which are designated by numbers 14, 16 and 20, respectively. An upper sieve assembly consists of sieve 17, referred to as pre-sieve, and sieve 16, referred to as upper sieve, which are mounted together on a sieve frame 18, this name being given to a frame of reinforcement beams around the net-shaped sieve surface. A lower screen assembly consists of the lower screen 20 which is supported by a screen frame 22.
    A blower or fan, designated in its entirety by number 30, blows air both past and through the sieves 14, 16 and 20.
    All parts mentioned so far are mounted on a frame or chassis. This frame can be a part of the main frame of the harvesting machine or can be mounted on it so that it can pivot about a generally longitudinal axis to compensate for lateral slopes. The fan 30 is fixedly mounted on the frame 25, but all other parts are movably supported on the frame 25 by front and rear hinged support arms in a parallelogram-like configuration. In a true parallelogram configuration, the components would maintain the same relative position with respect to the frame as they oscillate, but in this invention this is not the case, at least not with respect to the frame 18 of the upper screen 16.
    The screen frame 18 of the upper screen assembly is supported on both sides of the cleaning system by a front arm 24 and a rear arm 26. A reciprocating movement is transmitted to the frame 18 by a crankshaft mechanism 34 connected to the frame 18 by a connecting rod 32 mounted about an eccentric disc of the crankshaft mechanism at one end and hingedly attached to the frame 28 at its other end. In the drawing, the support arms 24 and 26 are shown in their middle position (midway between the upper dead center and the lower dead center of the connecting rod 32). Although the arms 24 and 26 are substantially equal in length, they are not parallel to each other, with the arm 24 being at an angle A with respect to the vertical, while the arm 26 is at an angle B with respect to the vertical. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the angle A is 36 ° and the angle B is 30 °. By virtue of this asymmetry, the ends of the arms 24 and 26 do not describe identical parallel arcs, but instead the arc described by the end of arm 24 has a larger vertical component and a smaller horizontal component. It is this action that causes the front of sieve 16 to throw the grain higher, and due to its longer stroke, further back.
    The screen frame 18 is the only component that is directly driven by the crank mechanism 34, with both the frame 22 of the lower screen assembly and the preparation bottom being driven indirectly via the upper frame 18. The frame 22 carrying the lower screen 20 is attached to its front end supported by an extension 2a of the arm 24 and at its rear end by an arm 28 pivotal with respect to frame 22 and frame 25. The lower extension 24a of the arm 24 and the arm 28 are parallel to each other and are in essentially of equal length to form a conventional parallelogram suspension that allows the screen to move back and forth while continuing to run at the same angle with respect to the horizontal. Because the two screen frames 18 and 22 are connected to points on the arm 24 which lie on opposite sides of the frame 25, the two screen frames always move in the opposite direction so that they oscillate with each other in opposite phase.
    The preparation bottom 12 is also mounted by means of support arms 37 and 38 on the frame 25, the support frames mutually forming a parallelogram. The drive is transmitted from the frame 18 of the upper sieve 16 to the preparation bottom 12 by an S-shaped arm 36 which is hingedly connected to the front and connected at the other end to a downward extending extension 38a of the front support arm 38. This shape ensures that the preparation bottom 12 and the frame 18 oscillate with each other in reverse phase. During this oscillation, the pre-sieve 14 and the preparation bottom 12 do not simply move back and forth, but also up and down, and as a result the mutual distance over which the grain must fall during its movement from the preparation bottom 12 to the sieve 14 must vary cyclically in height . The grain and chaff mixture does not run continuously over the surface of the preparation bottom 12, but is thrown backwards in successive movements. The vertical distance between the preparation bottom 12 and the pre-sieve 14 is maximal at the moment itself when the grain and chaff mixture is thrown over the edge of the preparation bottom and falls on the front side of the pre-sieve 14. Since the fan 30 drives a constant air flow through this gap, the particles of the harvested crop can float in the air during the entire transition from the preparation bottom 12 and the pre-sieve 14.
    By moving the upper sieve assembly (which usually weighs 250 kg) in counter-phase with the preparation bottom assembly (100 kg) and the lower sieve assembly (170 kg), an unbalanced vibrating mass of only about 20 kg (100 + 170 - 250 kg) is obtained ). This is substantially smaller than in the previous system where the vibrating unbalanced mass weighs 180 kg (100+ 250 -170). In this way the comfort of the operator is improved and the mechanical stress on the structure is reduced to the same extent.
    The drive arm 36 is connected to the upper screen frame 18 before the crankshaft mechanism connection point 34. The arrangement of the support arms 24, 26, 28, 37, 38 and the drive arm 36 provides minimal reaction forces at the connection points of the arms and the screen frames 18 , 22 during the operation of the cleaning system.
    In short, the described preferred embodiment provides two major improvements over the prior art, as illustrated in patent US 4 344 443. First, the improved tossing action at the front of the screen 16 throws the grain higher in the air at the point where it is it is the most charged and where this has the most effect, namely where the air flow generated by the blower ensures that the chaff is kept in the air. Secondly, the oscillation of the screen in counter-phase with the preparation bottom has two advantageous effects, the first of which is a reduction of the imbalance of the oscillating mass and the second is the increased falling distance between the preparation bottom and the top screen at the time when the harvest material falls, which helps to separate the grain from the chaff.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A grain cleaning system for a combine consisting of a frame supporting a preparation bottom and a sieve, the preparation bottom serving to collect grain and chaff separate from the other harvest residues by a threshing mechanism and moving back and forth with respect to the frame around it moving grain and chaff to the screen, and wherein the screen can move back and forth with respect to the frame and is connected to the frame by front and rear support arms pivotally attached to the frame and to the screen, characterized in that the front support arms have different geometries from the rear support arms so that when the screen is moved back and forth with respect to the frame, the vertical component of the oscillation is larger at the front than at the rear of the screen.
    [2]
    Grain cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometries of the front and rear support arms are such that the horizontal component of the rear oscillation is greater than or equal to that of the front of the screen.
    [3]
    A grain cleaning system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the average positions of the front and rear support arms during an oscillation cycle of the upper screen, the front and rear support arms are at a different angle with respect to the vertical.
    [4]
    A grain cleaning system according to claim 3, characterized in that, in their average positions, the front support arms are inclined forward at a greater angle with respect to the vertical than the rear support arms.
    [5]
    Grain cleaning system according to claim 4, characterized in that in its average position, the arm at the front of the screen is at an angle of 36 ° to the vertical and that at the rear of the screen to 30 ° to the vertical.
    [6]
    Grain cleaning system according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve is the upper of the two vertically superposed sieves, the upper sieve being a part of an upper sieve whole, and the lower sieve being a part of a preparation bottom whole and wherein the preparation bottom assembly and the two screen assemblies are connected to reciprocate synchronously with each other, and the preparation bottom assembly moves in counter-phase with the upper screen assembly, but in phase with the lower screen assembly.
    [7]
    The grain cleaning system according to claim 6, characterized in that the combined mass of the preparation bottom and the lower sieve whole is substantially equal to the mass of the upper sieve whole.
    [8]
    A grain cleaning system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the upper screen assembly is driven driven to the lower screen assembly and to the preparation bottom assembly by pairs of two-armed levers hinged to the frame.
    [9]
    A grain cleaning system according to claim 8, characterized in that the front part of the preparation bottom assembly is supported by a pair of the two-armed levers and the rear part thereof by a pair of support arms.
    [10]
    A grain cleaning system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a pair of drive arms is connected between the front part of the upper screen and the pair of two-armed levers connected to the preparation bottom assembly.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BE1018605A3|2011-05-03|CEREAL CLEANING SYSTEM FOR CUTTER.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2008507B1|2009-10-28|
    EP2008507A1|2008-12-31|
    US20080318650A1|2008-12-25|
    US7553226B2|2009-06-30|
    GB2450483A|2008-12-31|
    GB0712189D0|2007-08-01|
    AT446672T|2009-11-15|
    DE602008000244D1|2009-12-10|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB0712189A|GB2450483A|2007-06-25|2007-06-25|A Grain cleaning system for a combine harvester|
    GB0712189|2007-06-25|
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